A Wide-Bandwidth Single-Mode Low-Loss Hybrid Hollow-Core Polarization-Maintaining Fiber With High Bend Performance and Excellent Temperature Stability

A wide-bandwidth single-mode low-loss hybrid hollow-core polarization-maintaining fiber (HC-PMF) with high bend performance and excellent temperature stability is proposed. The hybrid HC-PMF is constructed by introducing a pair of anti-resonant arc-layers along the x-direction and a pair of anti-resonant tubes along the y-direction into the core of a 19-cell HC-PBGF. Finite element method combined with a perfectly matched layer is employed to model the properties of the HC-PMF. Numerical results demonstrate that high birefringence, low loss and excellent single-mode performance can be simultaneously achieved within a wide wavelength range from 1510 nm to 1620 nm. At the wavelength of 1550 nm, birefringence can reach 2.3 × 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup>, and the loss of x-polarized and y-polarized mode are 8.08 dB/km and 5.65 dB/km, respectively. Especially, the higher-order mode extinction ratio reaches up to 4.12 × 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> and thus excellent single-mode performance can be achieved. Moreover, high performance in birefringence, low loss and single-mode can be effectively maintained even under a tight bending radius of 6 mm and the variation of temperature from -40 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C to 60 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>C. This hybrid HC-PMF has the potential of application in polarization-sensitive systems, such as high-power pulse laser systems, fiber-optic hydrophone, and fiber-optic gyroscopes.