Characterization of Impedance and Stability for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Based on Voltage-Modulated Direct Power Control

Voltage-modulated direct power control (VM-DPC) applied to the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) offers superior steady-state and transient performance but remains underexplored for suppressing wideband oscillations. This article proposes a comprehensive impedance for the VM-DPC-based DFIG, analyzing its impedance characteristics and stability mechanisms compared with the DFIG based on vector-oriented control (VOC). The unified power transfer function is defined for DFIGs employing VM-DPC or VOC to ensure consistent comparison benchmarks. The comprehensive impedance of VM-DPC-based DFIG, incorporating mechanical and grid-side converter (GSC) dynamics, is derived using complex vector modeling in the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha \beta$</tex-math></inline-formula>-frame. Furthermore, the influence of VM-DPC parameters and grid strength on the stability of grid-connected DFIG systems is assessed through eigenvalue trajectory analysis. Impedance analysis reveals the significant contributions of mechanical and GSC dynamics to DFIG impedance, as well as the narrower frequency range of negative resistance in the VM-DPC-based DFIG compared to the VOC-based DFIG. Stability analysis identifies the VM-DPC parameters of the rotor-side converter as dominant factors affecting system stability and confirms that the VM-DPC-based DFIG achieves better stability under weak grid conditions than its VOC-based counterpart. These findings are validated through simulations and experiments.