Real-Time Zigbee Sensor Network for Forest Monitoring and Wildlife Conservation

Abstract Tree smuggling, especially of high-value species like sandalwood and teak, poses a significant threat to biodiversity and forest ecosystems. These trees are highly sought after for their commercial value, making them frequent targets of illegal logging operations. This illicit activity not only depletes valuable natural resources but also contributes to deforestation and environmental degradation. In response to this growing concern, an IoT-based monitoring system has been developed to detect and prevent such activities. At the core of the system is a Node MCU microcontroller, integrated with multiple sensors such as accelerometers to detect tree tilting, fire sensors for identifying potential fire hazards, ultrasonic sensors for motion detection, and pH sensors to monitor soil health. These sensors provide real-time data, accessible via an Android smartphone application, enabling immediate awareness and action. Supporting components like buzzers, water pumps, and relays offer responsive measures such as alarms and fire suppression. This innovative solution aims to safeguard endangered tree species, mitigate illegal activities, and promote ecological sustainability through smart, technology-driven forest management.