An efficient quantum algorithm for ab initio approximations of non-linear response functions
Abstract We develop and analyze a fault-tolerant quantum algorithm for non-linear response properties of molecular and condensed phase systems. We consider a semi-classical description in which the electronic degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically and the light is treated as a classical field interacting via the electric dipole approximation. We use the technique of eigenstate filtering, to efficiently resolve excitation energies for dominant dipole transitions. When applied to the electronic structure Hamiltonian with double factorized representation, each significant spectral line can be approximated to a width of ± γ , and to a height of ± ϵ with $$O\left({N}^{6}{\eta }^{2}{\gamma }^{-1}{\epsilon }^{-1}\log (1/\epsilon )\right)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>log</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> queries to the block encoding of the unperturbed electronic structure Hamiltonian for η electrons over N basis functions. These quantities can be used to compute the n th order response functions for non-linear spectroscopies under limited assumptions using $$\widetilde{O}\left({N}^{5n+1}{\eta }^{n+1}/{\gamma }^{n}\epsilon \right)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̃</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mfenced> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>η</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>γ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mi>ϵ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:mfenced> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> queries to the block encoding of the Hamiltonian.
Authors
- Liwen Ko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-7296)
- K. Birgitta Whaley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7164-4757)
- Guang Hao Low (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6934-1052)
- Tyler Kharazi
- Torin F. Stetina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6279-8455)
Institutions
- Microsoft (United States) (US)
- Simons Foundation (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- npj Quantum Information
- Published
- 2025-06-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01026-9
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.48
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Microsoft Research
- Office of Science
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
- Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, University of California Berkeley
- Advanced Scientific Computing Research
- Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists