Ethical Disputes, Coordinated Behaviors, and the Construction of an Interactive Accountability Model for Non-Governmental Organizations: A Grounded Theory Study Based on a Dryland Farming Project in City H

Accountability holds significant normative significance in supervising the conduct of accountable entities. This study conducted unstructured interviews with 21 relevant individuals from the dry farming and rain-fed water-saving project team in H City, county and township government departments, village cadres, and farmers. Combined with grounded theory research on texts, it found that the characteristics of the accountability interaction process are: adhering to the principles of “transparency” and “information disclosure” after emergencies, ethical disputes, establishing a feedback mechanism through “villager participation” and “government collaboration”, implementing supervision and evaluation, and conducting dispute coordination. The core contribution of the accountability interaction model built on this basis lies in constructing an effective accountability mechanism for responding to emergencies, providing ideas for revealing the accountability interaction process of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and constructing their accountability systems.