Innovation first! Addressing operational risk in salmon fish farming technology development

In 2015, the Norwegian government introduced the temporary policy “development licenses.” The purpose of the policy was to alleviate investment costs and boost considerable technological innovation that could solve key problems in salmon farming. A total of 104 applications were submitted by the deadline in 2017. While the policy aimed for innovation first and the criteria guided applicants toward tackling selected risks fish farmers must consider all operational risks to ensure safe operations. Exploring the considerations and actions of applicants, this study explores how operational risks were addressed in development license innovation projects and consequences of the scheme on operational risk. Analysis is based on qualitative interviews with 53 people representing actors in the projects. The results show that new concepts may both reduce and increase operational risk. Overall, applicants were concerned with fish welfare, preventing escapes, and making sure personnel could perform operations and maintenance safely. Occupational health and safety (OHS) was not mentioned as a criterion in the call for licenses but was addressed in many of the innovation projects through the involvement of operational personnel. Many applicants also consulted experts in risk management. While interaction with regulators varied, some interacted with them to discuss concerns regarding risk management. Regarding consequences requirements for considerable innovation and a competitive “first in line” approach may have a great impact on operational risk. Open interaction across projects was not promoted, unique concepts meant unique risks, significant changes may be difficult, and possible risks may have been missed due to lack of involvement of responsible authorities. Still, involvement of competence from other industries may add expertise on risk management. When innovation is first on the agenda, it is crucial that schemes are designed in a way that encourage innovators to identify all operational risks early on, to ensure successful technological concepts that enhance safety overall. • New technologies can reduce risk but also introduce new risks. • Operational risks in Norwegian salmon farming must be considered in development of technology. • Knowledge of risk management in innovation processes based on interview data is presented. • Strategies include involving operative personnel, experts and authorities in the innovations. • Highlights should consist of 3 to 5 bullet points, each a maximum of 85 characters, including spaces.