Overcoming hurdles and harnessing the potential of the hydrogen transition in Germany

Green hydrogen has become a core element of Europe's energy transition to assist in lowering carbon emissions. However, the transition to green hydrogen faces challenges including the cost of production, availability of renewable energy sources, public opposition, and the need for supportive government policies and financial initiatives. While there are other alternatives for producing low-carbon hydrogen, for example blue hydrogen, German funding favours projects that involve hydrogen production via electrolysis. Beyond climate goals, it is anticipated that a green hydrogen industry will create economic benefits and a wide-range of collaborative opportunities, with key international partnerships increasing energy security if done appropriately. Germany, a leader in green hydrogen technology, will need to rely on imports to meet long-term demand due to limited renewable energy capacity. Despite the current obstacles to transitioning to green hydrogen it is felt that ultimately the benefits of this industry and reducing emissions will outweigh the associated costs of production. This study analyses the hydrogen transition in Germany by interviewing 37 European experts guided by the research question: What are the key perceived barriers and opportunities influencing the successful adoption and integration of hydrogen technologies in Germany's hydrogen transition? • Green hydrogen supports decarbonisation efforts while advancing economic development and energy security • Limiting hydrogen production to one pathway may hinder progress; diverse technologies can identify optimal solutions. • While blue hydrogen is viewed as a bridge to green, concerns remain that it may hinder green hydrogen deployment and scale-up. • Competition and collaboration in the hydrogen market can advance climate protection efforts.