Adaptive clustering and energy optimization via bridging proximal policy optimization with intelligent clustering (BPPOIC) in 5G-enabled smart infrastructures

Most existing smart building solutions overlook the integration of technical efficiency with organizational and sustainability goals. Current approaches lack adaptability, leading to poor energy usage and higher costs. This work introduces BPPOIC—Bridging Proximal Policy Optimization with Intelligent Clustering—which enhances Proximal Policy Optimization using adaptive clustering. BPPOIC improves (i) resource allocation scalability and (ii) energy-efficient network maintenance. The method links intelligent distribution with low-energy strategies, enabling resilient and sustainable smart building ecosystems.