Development of Survey Measures of Uncontrolled Vaping and Vaping Restraint

This study introduces reliable and valid scales to measure uncontrolled vaping perceptions, uncontrolled vaping consequences, and vaping restraint among e-cigarette users. These tools provide a nuanced understanding of vaping behaviors, distinguishing internal perceptions of overuse from external consequences such as feedback from others or interference with daily activities. By capturing these dimensions, the scales offer insights beyond traditional nicotine dependence measures, supporting research and interventions tailored to vaping-specific challenges. The findings highlight the importance of addressing uncontrolled vaping through regulatory and clinical efforts, informing strategies to reduce excessive vaping, and promoting self-regulation among e-cigarette users.