Establishing a core outcome set to evaluate the effects of power training in older adults: A Delphi study

Studies evaluating the effects of power training in older adults use a variety of measurement tools and outcome parameters, limiting comparability of results and calling the validity of conclusions into question. This study aimed to identify a core outcome set (COS) to measure the effects of power training in older adults, encompassing the function, activities, and participation domain of the International Classification of Functioning, Disease, and Health (ICF). Twenty-one tests were evaluated based on their ability to measure muscle power and the effects of power training. Our methodology consisted of two Delphi survey rounds and an expert panel meeting using modified Nominal Group Technique. The COS consisted of tests considered most feasible for clinical practice and least burdensome for older adults. The COS included the Squat Jump Test (paired with accelerometery-based instrumentation) and the Timed Up-and-Go Test for the function and function and activities domain, respectively. No test was identified for the participation domain, however, experts proposed using daily-life accelerometery until more suitable outcome measures are defined and validated. This study addresses a critical research gap in standardised assessment protocols, and contributes to a multifaceted approach to measuring the impact of power training in older adults.