IMPACTOS PSICOSSOCIAIS DA GENITÁLIA ATÍPICA: DESAFIOS NA SAÚDE MENTAL DE CRIANÇAS COM DIFERENCIAÇÃO SEXUAL DIFERENTE

Introduction: Sexual Differentiation Disorder (DSD) encompasses conditions where fetal sexual differentiation does not follow the expected pattern, resulting in genital or gonadal characteristics incompatible with male or female expectations. Among these conditions are androgen insensitivity syndrome, Turner syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which often result in ambiguous genitalia. Methodology: This study is characterized as a systematic literature review, aimed at identifying gaps and evaluating studies on sexual differentiation anomalies and their psychosocial impacts on children's mental health. Using the PICo strategy to formulate the research question, inclusion and exclusion criteria for studies were established, and a search was conducted in the PubMed and BVS databases. The selected studies were analyzed critically and systematically, extracting key information such as objectives, results, and conclusions. The analysis followed the methodology proposed by Bardin, and the findings were discussed based on thematic axes, being organized and presented to ensure the relevance and clarity of the procedures adopted in the research. Results and Conclusion: The evaluation of studies on Sexual Differentiation Disorder (DSD) highlights the complexity of medical decisions and their implications for patients and their families. The literature points to the need for a holistic approach that involves clinical, emotional, psychological, and social aspects, respecting the human rights and autonomy of individuals with DSD. Early genitoplasty, the determination of sex of rearing, and ongoing psychological support are crucial issues, with evidence that premature decisions and lack of emotional support increase levels of anxiety and depression in children. A multidisciplinary approach and respect for self-determination are essential for a better quality of life, as well as the elimination of discriminatory practices and the use of computerized health systems to improve diagnosis and follow-up.