Modelos de gestión estratégica para la adopción e integración de tecnologías emergentes en la educación superior venezolana

The strategic management of emerging technologies represents a critical challenge for the sustainability and competitiveness of Venezuelan universities in a rapidly transforming global digital environment. This study, grounded in a post-positivist paradigm and a mixed-methods approach (concurrent embedded design - QUAN-qual), aimed to analyze strategic management models for the incorporation of emerging technologies in these institutions, identifying factors influencing their adoption and effectiveness. A multiple case study was implemented, including one public, one private, and one experimental university, all located in Maracaibo, Zulia. The methodology combined qualitative data collection (20 semi-structured interviews with key managers and faculty, and document analysis) with quantitative data (a survey administered to 120 faculty members and managers). Findings revealed that technology management is predominantly reactive and fragmented, with cultural resistance and a lack of technological leadership emerging as significant barriers, as impactful as the scarcity of financial resources. A critical gap in human talent training was identified, and it was confirmed that the effectiveness of management models is highly dependent on the particular context of each institution type. In conclusion, university digital transformation in Venezuela demands a paradigm shift towards proactive planning, an innovation-oriented organizational culture, and sustained investment in developing staff digital competencies, all adapted to institutional specificities.