Developing a Learning Style-Oriented Small Private Online Course (SPOC) with Norm- Referenced Testing (NRT) Integration

This research explores the development of Small Private Online Courses (SPOC) to address the limitations of MOOCs, particularly in personalization and learning effectiveness. A survey of 140 students revealed that 92.9% preferred materials suited to their learning styles (visual, auditory, kinesthetic), 63.8% sought integration with automotive-related mathematics, and 73% desired flexible yet private online learning. Using the Borg & Gall R&D model for needs analysis and the Dick & Carey approach for development, this study designed a learning style- based SPOC. Expert validation confirmed its feasibility, and statistical analysis (Pearson correlation, Cronbach's Alpha) ensured its reliability. The effectiveness evaluation showed moderate learning gains (N-Gain: 0.64-0.66) and significant improvements based on a Paired Sample T-test. Observations indicated enhanced engagement, attitudes, and interest. Implementing SPOC with learning style-based grouping fosters collaborative, immersive learning, improving effectiveness in vocational education.