MORTALIDADE POR CÂNCER DE OROFARINGE NO BRASIL: UM PANORAMA EPIDEMIOLÓGICO.

Oropharyngeal cancer, frequently associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, has shown a rising incidence globally, particularly in high-income countries. In Brazil, mortality from this type of cancer exhibits regional disparities, with higher rates observed in the Southeast and South regions. Major risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and HPV infection. The present study employs an observational and retrospective analysis encompassing the entire Brazilian territory over the period from 2012 to 2023. Its objective is to analyze and compare oropharyngeal cancer mortality rates across different regions of the country, while also examining associated risk factors such as ethnicity, sex, and age. Findings indicate that males, particularly those aged 60 to 69 years, present the highest mortality rates, with a predominance among white individuals. The highest mortality was recorded in the Southeast and Northeast regions, with the Southeast leading in the absolute number of deaths. Disparities in access to healthcare services, especially in the Northeast and North, constitute a critical factor contributing to elevated mortality rates. Strengthening public health policies focused on prevention, along with expanding access to screening and early detection, are essential strategies for mitigating these rates.