Morphological characteristics of cardiovascular tissues determining the criteria for diagnostic chargonal health disease

Relevance: For two hundred years, the problem of coronary heart disease has continued to arouse increasing interest in the medical community. According to the accumulated data for the specified time period, coronary heart disease is classified as a polymorphic disease. This pathological condition develops as a result of the discrepancy between the need for blood supply and its actual implementation. The most common and clinically severe form of coronary heart disease is myocardial infarction, conditionally the second place is occupied by atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis. Due to the fact that the main morphological substrate of clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease is cardiac striated muscle tissue and connective tissue, the search for morphological criteria that allow optimizing and personalizing the methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology remains relevant. The aim of this work was to study the structural features of the tissues of the cardiovascular system, which are the morphological substrate of clinical manifestations of coronary heart disease and the development of histological criteria for diagnosis. Materials and methods: Morphological examination was performed on autopsy and biopsy material obtained from 13 patients, whose average age was (62 ± 5) years. The obtained biomaterial after fixation in buffered neutral formalin was embedded in paraffin using a standard technique. Then histological sections were made, 5–7 μm thick and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, the micropreparations were examined under a light microscope and photographed. Results: Morphometric assessment of the detected changes can become not only a diagnostic criterion, but also one of the fundamental directions in a personalized approach to the treatment of patients with this pathology. In particular, in myocardial infarction, the observed death of cardiomyocytes and compensatory proliferation of connective tissue become diagnostically significant when their area or occupied volume changes over time. In atherosclerotic vascular damage a change in the diameter of the vessel, the thickness of the membranes that form the wall, the presence of infiltration, calcifications and the area they occupy, calculation of the ratio coefficients of the specified vessel shells.When studying histological preparations of thrombotic masses, attention should be paid to the ratio of the areas occupied by erythrocytes, platelets, fibrin, and nuclear elements. Conclusions: Thus, the observed pathomorphological changes in the tissues of the cardiovascular system are fundamental in the development of histological criteria for further personalized approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with coronary heart disease.