Theoretical investigation of photonic spin Hall effect based on layered metastructure with graphene regulation by WOA for encoding and encryption

• Using artificial intelligence to quickly adjust OLM adjustable parameters. • The regulation of PSHE was realized by using graphene material. • A novel optical chip with 74151 functions is proposed. • Realize multi-channel switching and encryption of pictures. An innovative method was proposed based on a graphene metastructure to enhance the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), addressing issues of insufficient information transmission confidentiality and flexibility in photon information processing. At a frequency of 7.186 THz, the three-digit binary coding is demonstrated, where the three dimensions of encoding are the type of PSHE displacement (the longitudinal displacement code is 0, and the transverse displacement code is 1), the displacement value (the displacement amplitude is 0 when it is less than 13 λ , and 1 when it is larger than 13 λ ), and the angular range of the largest PSHE displacement (0° to 45°, and 45° to 90°, respectively). To further optimize coding performance, the Beluga optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the PSHE displacement. Additionally, optical coding is combined with a data selector to enable image information encryption and flexible switching between multi-channel images. This approach effectively integrates optical coding with medium-scale integrated circuits, achieving not only image encryption and exchange but also significantly improving confidentiality, flexibility, and security.