Problems of restoration of lighthouses in extreme environments of Russia

The lighthouse system appeared in Russia more than three hundred years ago. Lighthouses became symbols of Russian navigation, forming an image of romance, unity with nature and, at the same time, technical power. Due to the development of high-tech navigation tools, lighthouses have lost their practical significance and are currently under threat of loss. The study summarizes the available information on some lighthouses in Russia, on the assessment of their technical condition. Natural and anthropogenic factors influencing the destruction of lighthouses, as well as the main restoration problems associated with them, were considered. The relevance of the restoration of lighthouse structures was also substantiated. Their importance as cultural heritage sites and tourist attractions was emphasized.