Mathematical modeling of fastening conditions in piggyback transport: ensuring safety and stability across different transport modes

Abstract Ensuring cargo stability during piggyback transportation is crucial for maintaining safety and efficiency, especially in intermodal transport systems. This study focuses on developing a mathematical model to optimise the fastening methods for vehicles transported on railway platforms. This study has employed Newtonian mechanics and the D'Alembert principle to analyse how different forces, such as gravity, inertia, aerodynamic resistance, and centrifugal forces, affect the stability of semi-trailers while in motion. Systematic algorithms and simulation tools, such as MATLAB, were utilised to determine how speed and external factors affected the forces acting on the fasteners and the resulting movement of the cargo. The findings indicate a strong correlation between speed and the forces exerted on fasteners, emphasising the need for adaptive fastening solutions and moreover, increasing the number of fastening points significantly reduced cargo displacement, thereby improving stability. These findings offer practical insights for optimising piggyback transportation systems, enhancing both cargo safety and operational efficiency. Recommendations include further research into advanced fastening materials and the validation of theoretical models through field studies.