THE ROLE OF BIOMARKERS IN THE STUDY OF THYROID TUMORS: INNOVATIVE DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES AND PROSPECTS FOR MOLECULAR THERAPY

Goal. To study and evaluate biomarkers that can significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid neoplasms, as well as facilitate the preoperative classification of complex cases. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Republican Clinical Hospital in Makhachkala from March 2023 to December 2024. The study involved 34 patients with thyroid cancer. Six biomarkers were analyzed. Results. High levels of TT3, FT4, and TPOAb antibodies were found to significantly correlate with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Participants with a higher body mass index showed a higher risk of the disease. Significant correlations were observed between FT4 levels in women and individuals with a BMI below 23 kg/m2, as well as TSH levels in men and active smokers. Conclusions. The results confirm the importance of TT3 and FT4 as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Despite the absence of a link with smoking and obesity in our sample, the results emphasize the need to use biomarkers for more accurate monitoring and early diagnosis of the disease.