POLYMORPHISM OF THE ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME GENE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study aims to assess the association between the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the development of CKD in patients with T2DM. 120 patients with T2DM were examined, 80 of whom had diabetic nephropathy. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Biochemical parameters of kidney function and glycemic control were also analyzed. The distribution of genotypes in patients with CKD showed a higher frequency of the DD genotype and a lower frequency of the II genotype compared to the control group. Patients with the DD genotype had significantly higher levels of creatinine and urea and lower glomerular filtration rate. The results suggest that the D allele of the ACE gene is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetic nephropathy in patients with T2DM and may serve as a genetic marker for predicting CKD progression.