Dermatological Morbidity and Risk Factors Among Garment Industry Workers in Chennai, India

Background: Varicose veins, characterized by enlarged and distorted veins, can lead to considerable discomfort and diminish quality of life. Understanding the prevalence and associated risk factors across various occupational groups is crucial. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of varicose veins in a tertiary care hospital and identify demographic and occupational factors contributing to the condition. Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry, from August to November 2024. A total of 106 workers from various sectors participated. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires and physical examinations. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 21, descriptive statistics like proportions were used to describe the prevalence and analytical statistics like chi-square tests was used to determine the association between varicose vein and various factors. A p-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Of the 106 participants, 58 (54.7%) were diagnosed with varicose veins. The majority of affected individuals were in the 26-35 age group (55.2%), with skilled labourers (65.5%) being most affected. Males represented 60.3% of those diagnosed. Common symptoms included visible veins (32.7%), leg swelling (25.8%), and leg pain (8.6%). Significant associations were found with occupation and smoking. Conclusion: The study highlights a high prevalence of varicose veins, particularly among skilled labourers. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted prevention strategies, including occupational adjustments and lifestyle modifications, to reduce the burden of varicose veins in the working population. Further research is needed to develop tailored interventions for at-risk groups.