Association of  Hyponatremia with Diabetes Mellitus in CVA Patients

Background: The prevalence of CVA in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and is significantly high due to its macrovascular complication. Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder seen in patients of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) usually either due to Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of Antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) or cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS). The aim of the study was to find out whether there is any relationship between the Type II Diabetes Mellitus and hyponatremia in stroke patients and its etiology. Method: For determining the incidence and etiology of hyponatremia in patients of stroke admitted in the hospital, that study was conducted in Arambagh Multi/ Superspeciality Hospital over a period of six months including 100 established cases of CVA diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical examination and CT scan after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Out of these 100 CVA patients, 67 had cerebral infarction and rest had hemorrhagic stroke. Also out of these 100 patients, 41 developed hyponatremia. Out of those 41 hyponatremic patients, 30 had SIADH and rest had CSWS. Sixty seven suffered from Type II Diabetes Mellitus out of these 100 stroke patients. SIADH was seen in 8 diabetic and 8 non diabetic ischemic stroke patients. As well as, SIADH was also seen in11 diabetic and 3 non diabetic haemorrhagic stroke patients. CSWS was seen in 2 diabetic and 2 non diabetic ischemic stroke patients. CSWS was also seen in 4 diabetic and 3 non diabetic haemorrhagic stroke patients. The mean sodium level was low in diabetic CVA patients (119.45 ± 11.12 mEq/L) than nondiabetics (127.76 ± 09.34 mEq/L) and statistically significant(p< 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the fasting blood sugar and sodium. So, diabetic CVA patients were suffered more from hyponatremia than nondiabetic stroke patients.