To Elucidate Interrelation of Clinical Profile of Benign Anorectal Diseases with Treatment Outcome of Anal Fissure Management by Conservative and / or Surgical Approach

Benign anorectal diseases (BARD) including conditions such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and fistulas are widespread disorders of the lower gastrointestinal tract that can significantly impact a patients well-being. This study was conducted to assess the clinical characteristics of BARD, with particular emphasis on Anal Fissure, and to compare the effectiveness of conservative versus surgical treatment approaches. The research involved 345 patients diagnosed with BARD. Among them, 112 patients were diagnosed with anal fissure which were equally divided into two groups: Group A received conservative management and Group B underwent surgical management. The majority of participants were males (72.4%), mostly aged between 21 and 40 years. Common clinical presentations were bleeding during defecation (48%), pain while passing stool (41%) and constipation (28%). Hemorrhoids emerged as the most frequent diagnosis (44.8%), followed by Anal Fissure (32.6%) and following Anal Fistula (19.8%). The outcome indicated that the surgical group achieved a higher cure rate (83.9%) comparative to the conservative group (72.4%), along with a notable lower rate of recurrence (3.6% vs. 10.6%). While non-surgical methods were effective for treating Acute Anal Fissures, where as the success was limited in chronic cases. Surgical procedures particularly LIS provided more rapid relief and fewer complications, establishing their superiority for chronic or resistant fissures.