Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Meta-Surface for Bandwidth Enhancement

Microstrip patch antenna (MSA) operates in the microwave frequency range (13GHz-19GHz) and is commonly used in wireless communication systems. Known for their small size, low profile, directivity, and cost-effectiveness, MSAs are often referred to as “printed antennas”. Miniaturization of MSAs plays a key role in improving their performance while maintaining their functionality. Techniques for miniaturization include material loading, reshaping, shrinking, and folding, as well as introducing slots and defects in the ground plane. Key design parameters include patch dimensions, ground plane, substrate, feeding method, and antenna performance characteristics such as bandwidth and aspect ratio. Bandwidth refers to the range of frequencies over which an antenna meets specific requirements such as gain and radiation pattern. The axial ratio, especially for circularly polarized (CP) antennas, typically has a smaller -3dB bandwidth compared to linearly polarized (LP) MSAs. Techniques such as adjusting the substrate, using multiple resonators, adding slots, and introducing parasitic couplings are used to improve the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth (ABW). Recent studies have highlighted the growing demand for met surfaces due to their strong performance in improving antenna properties. When planar materials designed to control electromagnetic wave propagation, meta-surfaces offer improved impedance bandwidth, efficiency, gain, and ABW. In this project, meta-surface technology will be implemented to achieve improved antenna performance.