Unusual lymphomas: Unusual sites

Lymphomas, both Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s, are malignant neoplasms of lymphocytes which usually involve lymph nodes, bone marrow, and extranodal sites. With the advent of adjuvant chemotherapy, lymphomas (most subtypes) have now shifted from the category of fatal hematological neoplasms to the category of treatable hematological neoplasms. Many lymphomas, however, still need to be treated aggressively and promptly making the diagnosis quintessential. However, diagnosis is very challenging in cases presenting at unusual sites with unusual morphologies. Biopsy and immunohistochemistry remain the initial most investigative modalities to document the diagnosis; thus, the histopathologist needs to be alert of the “not-so-common” lymphomas. We discuss here four cases that have posed great challenge in diagnosis and included in this case series. However, recent World Health Organization classification recognizes the significance of genetic and molecular data in the evaluation of a lymphoid neoplasm. Where in, it ascertains a neoplasm into a category, family/class, entity/type, and subtype. This has been formulated in such a manner that it is possible in settings globally; however, consideration is given to the fact that these resources are not universally available.