MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF BOTULINUM TOXIN IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC MIGRAINE

Introduction: Chronic migraine is a debilitating neurological condition that affects a significant portion of the population. Traditional treatment options often yield suboptimal results, leading to the exploration of novel therapeutic modalities. Botulinum toxin has emerged as a promising intervention for chronic migraine, yet its mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. Objective: This review aims to explore and synthesize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which botulinum toxin exerts therapeutic effects in chronic migraine. Methods: A narrative review methodology was employed, with literature searches conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Studies published within the past five years, written in English, and focused on botulinum toxin and chronic migraine were included. Results and Discussion: Findings suggest that botulinum toxin mitigates migraine symptoms through both peripheral and central mechanisms, including inhibition of neuropeptide release, modulation of ion channels, and attenuation of central sensitization. The toxin's effects on muscle spasticity and autonomic function also contribute to its therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin represents a valuable tool in the management of chronic migraine, with multifaceted mechanisms contributing to its effectiveness. Further research is warranted to refine our understanding and optimize treatment protocols.