Thermal analysis of nanofluid submerged battery tab under fast charging conditions

During fast charging, the temperature of lithium-ion battery increases rapidly, affecting thermal safety and performance. A battery tab cooling system based on a novel silicone oil-based nanofluid was investigated by experimentally extracting battery-related parameters and developing a test bed for the validation of a Computational Fluid Dynamics nanofluid immersion cooling model. The effects of tab cooling and surface cooling were compared and it was found that the cooling of the battery tabs showed excellent cooling performance even at 4C charging, reducing the temperature difference of the battery by 82.8% compared to surface cooling. The effect of different nanomaterials (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 and CuO) and concentrations (1%, 3% and 5%) on the thermal performance was also investigated, with 5% CuO showing the best performance. Moreover, it has been proposed a novel two-channel serpentine structure that can further reduce the temperature difference of the battery pack by 5.12°C compared with the single-channel serpentine structure. Nanofluid tab cooling was proved to be able to reduce not only the maximum temperature but also the temperature difference of batteries, that in turn can have the potential to effectively reduce the performance degradation caused by localized overheating inside the battery, improving the overall thermal management effect.