Validity and reliability of the 7Cs positive youth development model instrument for physical education

Introduction: The 7Cs scale remains very limited in Indonesia and in physical education learning among senior high school students. Objective: This study aims to validate the measurement instrument for competence, confidence, character, caring, connection, contribution, and creativity (7Cs) in physical education. Methodology: This study employs a research and development approach, following the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. Five raters designed and validated seven indicators and 78 statements, and the instrument was tested on 222 students from various regions in Indonesia. Data analysis included Aiken’s V for content and construct validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis. Results: Content validity scores were ≥0.74, indicating strong content and construct consistency. The KMO-MSA value of 0.888 confirmed that the data were adequate for factor analysis. Anti-image correlation tests also demonstrated that all indicators made significant contributions to the measured construct (>0.50). The extraction values for each indicator were >0.50, showing strong associations with the underlying factors. In the component matrix test, all indicators had loading values above 0.50, confirming the consistency and appropriateness of the indicators within the instrument. Reliability testing yielded a coefficient of 0.97. Discussion: The results of the development of the 7Cs instrument show that physical education does not only focus on physical aspects, but also on the development of students' cognitive, character, and social competence. Conclusions: The findings of this study can be used by teachers to evaluate positive youth development through physical education.