The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): Mapping H<i>α</i>+[N II] emission in 77 Fornax galaxy members reaching ∼4 Rvir

Context. The Fornax cluster, the second-largest galaxy cluster within 20 Mpc, presents an ideal environment for studying the impact of environmental effects on galaxy evolution. Utilizing data from the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS), this study explores the H α +[N II] emission maps in Fornax and its outskirts. Aims. By mapping emission features across an area of approximately 208 square degrees around NGC 1399, this work aims to identify and characterize emission-line galaxies (ELGs) and analyze their spatial distribution, morphology, and their projected phase space (PPS) diagram. Methods. We developed a dedicated semiautomated pipeline, pixel-to-pixel emission line estimate (PELE), to generate emission line maps by processing S-PLUS images using the three-filter method. A morphological analysis was conducted using the ASTROMORPHLIB package to determine whether H α +[N II] emitters exhibit perturbed features. Results. The study successfully detected 77 H α +[N II] emitters with r AB &lt;18 mag, extending to four times the virial radius of the Fornax cluster. PELE demonstrated its ability to recover flux down to ∼2×10 −17 erg s −1 cm −2 when compared to H α maps from MUSE/VLT. Among the emitters, 25% are early-type galaxies (ETGs) and 75% are late-type galaxies (LTGs). Signs of morphological perturbation or merger activity are observed in 44% of the LTGs and in three ETGs located beyond the clusters virial radius. A significant fraction (91%) of the emitters are identified as recent infallers, which are primarily located in the northwestern region of the cluster, while others are associated with the infalling group Fornax A in the southwest. Disturbed, low-mass galaxies at larger cluster-centric distances provide evidence that galaxies begin transforming before entering the main cluster. Conclusions. This study demonstrates S-PLUS's effectiveness in detecting ELGs, whose distribution reflects the Fornax cluster's assembly history; LTGs are linked to recent infall from the field, possibly along a Fornax-Eridanus filament, and ETGs may have evolved prior to entry.

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Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-06-07
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554159
Primary Topic
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): Mapping Hα+[N II] emission in 77 Fornax galaxy members reaching ∼4 Rvir

Círia Lima-Dias, W. Schoenell, M. Grossi, Carlos Manuel Silva Lobo et al.
1 links
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
article

The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): Mapping Hα+[N II] emission in 77 Fornax galaxy members reaching ∼4 Rvir

Círia Lima-Dias, W. Schoenell, M. Grossi, Carlos Manuel Silva Lobo, Guilherme Limberg, R. F. Haack, A. C. Krabbe, D. E. Olave-Rojas, T. Ribeiro, Diego Pallero, F. Almeida-Fernandes, A. R. Lopes, I. Andruchow, S V Werner, A. Cortesi, S. Torres-Flores, J. A. Hernández-Jiménez, L. A. Gutiérrez-Soto, Luis Lomelí-Núñez, C. Mendes de Oliveira, E. A. D. Lacerda, P. A. A. Lopes, G. B. Oliveira Schwarz, F. R. Herpich, R. Demarco, A. Kanaan, R. Cid Fernandes, J. Thainá-Batista, Misako U. Sampaio, M. Sarzi, V. H. Sasse, Pedro K. Humire, E. Telles, A. V. Smith Castelli
article en

Abstract

Context. The Fornax cluster, the second-largest galaxy cluster within 20 Mpc, presents an ideal environment for studying the impact of environmental effects on galaxy evolution. Utilizing data from the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS), this study explores the H α +[N II] emission maps in Fornax and its outskirts. Aims. By mapping emission features across an area of approximately 208 square degrees around NGC 1399, this work aims to identify and characterize emission-line galaxies (ELGs) and analyze their spatial distribution, morphology, and their projected phase space (PPS) diagram. Methods. We developed a dedicated semiautomated pipeline, pixel-to-pixel emission line estimate (PELE), to generate emission line maps by processing S-PLUS images using the three-filter method. A morphological analysis was conducted using the ASTROMORPHLIB package to determine whether H α +[N II] emitters exhibit perturbed features. Results. The study successfully detected 77 H α +[N II] emitters with r AB &lt;18 mag, extending to four times the virial radius of the Fornax cluster. PELE demonstrated its ability to recover flux down to ∼2×10 −17 erg s −1 cm −2 when compared to H α maps from MUSE/VLT. Among the emitters, 25% are early-type galaxies (ETGs) and 75% are late-type galaxies (LTGs). Signs of morphological perturbation or merger activity are observed in 44% of the LTGs and in three ETGs located beyond the clusters virial radius. A significant fraction (91%) of the emitters are identified as recent infallers, which are primarily located in the northwestern region of the cluster, while others are associated with the infalling group Fornax A in the southwest. Disturbed, low-mass galaxies at larger cluster-centric distances provide evidence that galaxies begin transforming before entering the main cluster. Conclusions. This study demonstrates S-PLUS's effectiveness in detecting ELGs, whose distribution reflects the Fornax cluster's assembly history; LTGs are linked to recent infall from the field, possibly along a Fornax-Eridanus filament, and ETGs may have evolved prior to entry.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 699
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR), University of Talca (CL), Universidad Andrés Bello (CL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR), Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (BR), Universidade do Porto (PT), Durham University (GB), Armagh Observatory & Planetarium (GB), University of Chicago (US), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (BR), Valongo Observatory (BR), Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences (PT), Unidade Integrada de Farmacologia e Gastroenterologia (BR), Institute of Astronomy (RU), Universitaria de Investigación y Desarrollo (CO), National Observatory (BR), Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (AR), Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata, University of La Serena (CL), Federico Santa María Technical University (CL), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (BR), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (AR)
National Science Foundation, Smithsonian Institution, U.S. Department of Energy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, University of Pennsylvania, Ohio State University, California Institute of Technology, University of Chicago, University of Michigan, University of Portsmouth, UK Research and Innovation, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Agenția Națională pentru Cercetare și Dezvoltare, University College London, University of Nottingham, University of Sussex, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Office of Science, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Division of Astronomical Sciences, High Energy Physics, Integrated Electronics Engineering Center, Binghamton University, Argonne National Laboratory, Fermilab, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, CHIST-ERA
Openalex Percentile: Top 91%
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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