Thermal Equilibrium Time Study Apparatus Using Arduino

Knowing how heat passes from one object to another is an important aspect of learning about physics, and the concept of thermal equilibrium, where two bodies reach the same temperature and do not exchange heat anymore. We designed a basic and cost-efficient thermal equilibrium laboratory setup using an Arduino to simplify this concept in order to better observe and conduct research on it. The main objective of this project is to create a practical learning device that demonstrates thermal equilibrium in real time. This may be helpful in school labs or small experiments to demonstrate to students how heat moves and levels off between two objects. In this setup, two temperature sensors are connected to an Arduino microcontroller. The sensors are placed on two objects of different initial temperatures. The Arduino reads and compares the temperatures continuously. When the temperatures are equal or very close, the Arduino turns on an LED light to indicate that thermal equilibrium has been reached. This technique makes the observation and study of thermal equilibrium easy by removing the requirement for complicated equipment. The use of Arduino provides flexibility, automation, and real-time monitoring. In general, the concept brings together fundamental physics and simple electronics to make a helpful and informative device.