Perovskitoid-Driven 1D@3D Dimensionality for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Low-dimensional perovskites have emerged as a possible method for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Nevertheless, cation migration across 2D and 3D layers disrupts octahedral networks, resulting in a loss of efficiency over time. This article reports the use of 1D@3D perovskite induced by a large 2-diethylaminoethyl chloride cation template. The one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator is employed to propose and calculate the photovoltaic (PV) merits of the 1D@3D-structured PSC with tin oxide (SnO2) and Spiro-OMeTAD charge-transporting materials. The designed FTO/SnO2/1D@3D perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au structure showed a proper energy-level frontier at interfaces with the appropriate material characteristics. The PV parameters of the PSCs are explored by changing the thickness, p-type doping level, and bulk defect density of the perovskite film. In addition, the SnO2 and Spiro-OMeTAD layers are optimized in terms of doping concentration and effective density of states. Moreover, we have assessed the thermal stability of the proposed PSC by altering the operating temperature. With this approach, high-performance and stable 1D@3D-structured cells with good thermal stability, demonstrating an impressive power conversion efficiency of 28.398% at 280 K, are achieved.