The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes in women with hepatitis B virus: a retrospective cohort study

The incidence rates of HBVC and GDM among pregnant women in Hangzhou City are relatively high. When HBVC & GDM co-existed, the risks of ICP, PE and macrosomia increased significantly. The risk of HBVC & GDM tended to increase progressively with increasing maternal age and increasing gravidity. For pregnant women of advanced age, those with increasing gravidity or those in a floating population, it is important to enhance educational awareness related to HBV, GDM, and especially HBVC & GDM in order to provide personalized antenatal medical care and reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.