Multi-objective optimization of reliability and cost efficiency in lightning protection for overhead distribution systems

• Multi-objective optimization for li protection, balancing reliability and costs in overhead distribution networks . • Consideration of soil resistivity, analyzing different conditions to optimize grounding strategies and surge mitigation. • Evaluation of protection strategies, comparing surge arresters , covered conductors, network shielding, and grounding improvements. • Application of advanced mathematical modeling , using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) to optimize investments and reliability. • Relevance for distribution networks in Brazil and worldwide, allowing adaptation to different scenarios and utility needs. This paper presents an optimization approach to improve reliability and reduce costs in overhead power distribution networks, with a focus on minimizing outages caused by lightning strikes. The study analyzes different protection strategies, such as installing surge arresters, using shielded cables, and improving grounding systems, considering variations in soil conditions. Simulations across multiple scenarios help identify cost-effective solutions to enhance network performance. Key reliability indicators, such as SAIDI and SAIFI, are evaluated to measure the impact of these improvements. The optimization model ensures that investments in protection systems achieve reliability targets while staying within budget. The results demonstrate that integrated protection measures significantly improve network reliability, with optimized configurations leading to reductions in SAIDI and SAIFI. Additionally, the findings highlight the importance of adapting protection strategies to specific network conditions, ensuring an effective balance between investment and performance improvements.