Synthesis of nucleoside drugs for the treatment of HBV infection: An updated review

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a significant global health concern, characterized by its potential to cause acute and chronic liver diseases. Despite the availability of effective vaccines and treatments, substantial gaps remain in the management of chronic infections, particularly in regions like China, where millions are affected. This review delves into the synthesis of clinical anti-HBV drugs, including lamivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, entecavir, and telbivudine, highlighting various synthetic strategies. By emphasizing efficient synthetic routes suitable for large-scale production, this review contributes valuable insights for enhancing treatment accessibility and improving patient outcomes in hepatitis B management. The recent progress for the synthesis of nucleoside drugs: lamivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, entecavir, and telbivudine for the treatment of HBV infection was summarized in this review.