Determination of Factors for the Adoption of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in Yogyakarta: A Study of Infrastructure, Technology, and Policy

The rapid urbanization in developing cities like Yogyakarta has led to significant transportation challenges, including congestion, inefficient mobility, and increasing environmental impacts. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been proposed as a solution to enhance urban mobility by integrating technology into transportation infrastructure. However, the adoption of ITS in Yogyakarta remains relatively low due to several barriers. This study aims to analyze the key factors influencing ITS adoption by using a modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The research evaluates the impact of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), infrastructure readiness, socioeconomic factors, and government policies on the adoption rate of ITS in Yogyakarta. A mixed-method approach was employed, incorporating a quantitative survey with 300 respondents and expert validation. The findings indicate that PU and PEOU significantly influence the intention to use ITS, while infrastructure constraints and limited government support act as major adoption barriers. Additionally, low technological literacy and cost perceptions among users contribute to resistance to ITS adoption. This study highlights the need for comprehensive strategies, including infrastructure development, public awareness campaigns, and policy interventions, to accelerate ITS adoption in Yogyakarta. The proposed ITS adoption framework can serve as a guideline for other urban areas facing similar challenges.