Acid Blue 74 Dye Removal from Industrial Wastewater Using Tigris River Reed Biomass: Packed Bed Column and Batch System Study

A low-cost and environmentally friendly biosorption material, i.e., Tigris River reed, was used to remove the Acid Blue 74 dye from synthetic industrial wastewater in a continuous flow-backed bed column. The impact of operating conditions, such as operating pressure, initial dye concentration, pH of solution, wastewater volumetric flow rate, and biomass particle size, on the dye removal efficiency and biosorption capacity of biomass was investigated. The results revealed that the dye removal efficiency in an acidic medium was higher than in an alkaline medium. The optimum pH value was 3. Moreover, the results exhibited that the dye removal efficiency and biosorption capacity were significantly improved with increased operating pressure. In addition, the increase in the initial dye concentration and wastewater flow rate led to an increase in the biosorption capacity of biomass and a decrease in dye removal efficiency. The maximum achieved values of dye removal efficiency and biosorption capacity of biomass were 99.5% and 10.4 mg g^(-1), respectively, at pressure, initial dye concentration, wastewater flow rate, and particle size of 6 bar, 150 ppm, 25 mL 〖min〗^(-1), and 500-850 µm, respectively. The encouraging dye removal efficiency (99.5%) achieved by using low-cost and environmentally friendly reed in a continuous flow process could be considered an attractive method for industrial wastewater treatment. Furthermore, batch biosorption experiments were performed to establish the sorption mechanism of AB74 dye on the Tigris River reed. Chemisorption was found to be the mechanism of biosorption.