Global, regional, and national burdens and trends of migraine among males aged 10–59 years from 1990 to 2021: insights from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021

This paper is the first to systematically analyze the age-period-cohort effect of migraine in men and to reveal a unique upward trend in the burden of migraine among men in the high-income Asia-Pacific region (in contrast to the trend among women). From 1990 to 2021, the migraine burden among males aged 10-59 years has generally increased and is expected to continue rising. Notably, the incidence is highest among adolescents (10-14 years), whereas the prevalence and DALYs peak in the middle-aged group (30-44 years). To address this, we should focus on primary prevention in adolescents and implement secondary and tertiary prevention strategies for the middle-aged population to reduce the overall migraine burden in males. Additionally, in the high-income Asia-Pacific region, the increasing trend in migraine burden differs from previous research findings.