Grape seed proanthocyanidins improve lymphatic drainage and blood perfusion in secondary lymphedema models

These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of GSPE in treating secondary lymphedema. The observed improvements in lymphatic drainage, tissue perfusion, and histological features suggest that GSPE may exert beneficial effects beyond its established role in venous insufficiency. Considering the current lack of effective pharmacologic therapies for SLE, GSPE represents a promising candidate for future clinical applications. Further studies are warranted to validate its efficacy and safety in human subjects.