Fabrication of industrial grade F/g-C3N4 reinforced banana natural Fiber sustainable PCB substrates

The rapid growth of the electronics industry has led to a significant environmental impact due to conventional printed circuit boards (PCBs) which contribute heavily to electronic waste. Addressing this issue requires sustainable alternatives that can replace traditional PCB materials without compromising performance. In this study we propose a novel sustainable PCB using banana fiber-reinforced natural fiber composite as the prepreg material combined with biodegradable resin engineered to meet IPC 4101 A/24 standards for fabrication of PCB laminates. The proposed composite exhibits enhanced thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties suitable for low-power applications validated through rigorous testing. To improve the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties we incorporated the 4-bromobenzonitrile functionalized graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanoparticles into the banana composite. This reinforcement has shown a significant augment in flame resistance, dielectric constant and mechanical properties including tensile, flexural, and impact resistance which ensured durability for practical applications. A prototype of the fabricated sustainable PCB substrate was tested with a full-wave rectifier circuit demonstrating effective performance and suggesting its viability as a sustainable replacement for conventional plastic-based FR-1 PCBs in low-power circuits aligning with circular economy principles.