The impact of depression and associated anxiety symptoms on clinical outcomes in elderly inpatients with digestive system diseases in Southwest China: a retrospective cohort study

Anxiety and depression symptoms are prevalent among elderly inpatients with digestive system diseases in Southwest China and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including prolonged hospital stay, increased healthcare costs, and higher complication rates. Female patients and those aged ≥ 70 years are particularly vulnerable. Early psychological assessment and targeted interventions may improve clinical outcomes in this population.