Chlorine gas and ultrafine particle emissions from bleach disinfection: exposure risk characterization
Bleach-based disinfection generates airborne hazards through separate mechanisms: chlorine gas via reactions with organic residues and UFPs through secondary processes influenced by environmental conditions. These findings support enhanced cleaning protocols, improved ventilation, and the need for regulatory attention to UFP exposure in occupational settings.
Authors
- Antoine Chaillon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-3857)
- Luca Stabile (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-0389)
- Luigi Fappiano
- Giorgio Buonanno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0525-0781)
- Luca Fontana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-4114)
Institutions
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Università degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale (IT)
- San Francisco AIDS Foundation (US)
- AIDS United (US)
- American Foundation for AIDS Research (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
- Published
- 2025-06-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-025-00465-6
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.40