An energy harvesting approach in smart suspension systems using a substructure modeling technique

A substructure technique is proposed to account for energy harvesting in vehicle suspension systems. In this study, two dynamic models are coupled: a classic 7-DOF full-car model and a 14-DOF double wishbone suspension model for a more reliable approach to energy harvesting predictions. In this context, a disk of piezoelectric material is introduced between the frame and the spring shock absorber assembly of each wheel. Additionally, wasted energy caused by undesired vibrations in the vehicle’s suspension system can be partially recovered and converted into useful electric energy. The converted energy is predicted by using a 14-DOF coupled substructure model, along with double wishbone suspension elements. Moreover, an approach using a linear piezoelectric model is applied. Simultaneous solution of the differential equations of motion for these dynamic systems is performed in the time domain, considering a bump as the input mode. Tests were conducted to obtain the responses of ceramic, polymer, and composite piezoelectric materials, focusing on their energy harvesting and mechanical strength. Despite the indication of the ceramic piezoelectric material’s potential for energy harvesting from wasted vibrations in this study, the composite piezoelectric material seems preferable due to its mechanical strength.