Pain and Disability Reduction Following Rib Manipulation in a Patient Recovering from Osteomyelitis of the Thoracic Spine

<b>Introduction:</b> Spinal thrust manipulation has been found useful for improving pain and mobility in musculoskeletal conditions of the thoracic spine. This case report highlights the importance of incorporating high-velocity low-amplitude (HVLA) thrust manipulation to the mid-thoracic rib articulations in a patient experiencing thoracic spine pain associated with an acute onset of osteomyelitis at levels T7-T9. <b>Detailed Case Description:</b> A 49-year-old female who was recovering from osteomyelitis of the thoracic spine 4 months prior was referred to physical therapy by her neurosurgeon. Her osteomyelitis infection resulted in a bone-on-bone interaction between T7 and T9, resulting in significant thoracic spine pain. Severe restrictions in active range of motion (AROM) were found in extension and right and left rotation. At initial evaluation, the patient's pain intensity score was 8/10 (NPRS, 0-10), the disability score was 46/50 (NDI, 0-50), and the patient-specific functional scale score was 3/10 (PSFS, 0-10). Initially, interventions included grades I-IV posterior to anterior (PA) mobilizations of the thoracic spine from levels T2 to T9, mobilization with movement of the thoracic spine for extension and rotation bilaterally, scapular stabilization, and thoracic mobility exercises. Treatment progressed to HVLA thrust manipulation techniques targeting the costotransverse articulations of ribs 2-9. <b>Discussion:</b> Following the initial eight treatment sessions over 4 weeks, minimal improvement was observed for pain (NPRS from 8/10 to 6/10), disability (NDI from 46/50 to 34/50), and thoracic extension AROM (13°). However, during visits 9-16, the addition of HVLA thrust manipulation targeting the costotransverse articulations resulted in significant improvements in pain, disability, and AROM. The patient was subsequently discharged after 16 visits and able to return to a full workday as a teacher without any thoracic pain or ROM restrictions. At the 6-month follow-up, the patient outcomes remained, and she was working with no restrictions. <b>Conclusion:</b> The addition of HVLA thrust manipulation targeting the mid-thoracic rib articulations to a program of non-thrust mobilization and exercise appeared useful for improving pain, disability, and range of motion in a patient recovering from osteomyelitis of the thoracic spine.