Spatial and Epidemiological Patterns of Tuberculosis in Semarang City (2022–2024)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health challenge that continues to be the primary cause of death. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution and epidemiology of TB in Semarang City from 2022 to 2024, focusing on patient characteristics, major risk factors, and comorbid conditions, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). This study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the Tuberculosis Information System (SITB), covering 16 districts and 39 community health centers. The analysis revealed that of the 12,775 patients with TB, 53.6% were men and 46.4% were women, with 79.7% engaged in informal employment. Among 5,928 women patients, 0.4% were pregnant. Most patients did not have DM (89%) or HIV infection (99%). Spatial analysis identified East Semarang as the district with the highest TB incidence rate by 2023, reaching 426.43 per 100,000 population. These findings underscore the importance of risk-based strategies, including early detection, integrated TB-HIV services, and management of comorbid conditions such as DM. This study recommends strengthening TB control policies to support the goal of eliminating TB in Semarang City by 2028.