Digital twin of a vessel during operation and assessment of its possible use for the purpose of constructing and implementing of maritime autonomous surface ships trajectory

The concept of digital twins, which is the basis and one of the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution in both the general industry and the marine industry, is considered and summarized. The terminology of the concept is analyzed, including many definitions of the term “digital twin”, as well as various approaches to the implementation of this concept in practice. Various types of digital twins, which were introduced by the founder of the concept M. Reeves, are considered: the digital twin of the prototype, the digital twin of the sample, the aggregated digital twin and the operational digital twin. The principles of building a ship's digital twin are substantiated, including individuality, identity, and the need to use mathematical models, machine learning, and artificial intelligence in its structure. A scheme of functioning of a ship's digital twin during operation is constructed, which contains a physical space – a ship, sensors, vessels of the same type, target vessels; navigation space; virtual space – digital twins of ship components, processes, navigation space, other vessels, as well as an operational digital twin designed for targeted information processing. The problems of integrating the concept of digital twins into the development of marine autonomous surface vessels (MASV) are identified, related to the need to store and process a large amount of data, the lack of generally accepted standards for such data, as well as the problem of adequate perception of information by an external captain during remote control of the vessel. In the context of the evolution of the MASV, a predictive assessment of the role of digital twins in the functioning of autonomous vessels in various periods of their evolution has been made, with an emphasis on the task of constructing and implementing the trajectory of the MASV.