Inter-level coupling of multi-dimensional influencing factors of prefabricated construction technology diffusion

Purpose Prefabricated construction technology (PCT) is increasingly adopted worldwide because of its low-carbon advantage, lean nature and efficiency. Previous studies have focused on the factors influencing PCT diffusion and have qualitatively examined their interactions. This study quantitatively investigated the inter-level coupling among multi-dimensional factors that influence PCT diffusion from both micro- and macro-perspectives. Design/methodology/approach About 13 critical factors influencing PCT diffusion were identified through literature analysis and semi-structured interviews. The interpretive structural modeling was used to decompose the hierarchical structure of these factors. Subsequently, system dynamics analysis clarified the positive and negative feedback loops and the qualitative couplings at the micro-level between these factors. A coupling coordination model was applied to quantitatively evaluate the coupling between factors and the coordination among macro-level subsystems. Findings Policy intervention, which is the fundamental driver for PCT diffusion, requires full application to promote diffusion directly or indirectly through its influence on other levels. Subsystems incorporating “inter-organizational technology collaboration” and “inter-organizational information sharing” perform well, highlighting the benefits of multi-stakeholder synergy. Overall, managing the key factors within each subsystem by level contributes to the advancement of the PCT diffusion system with non-additive effects. Research limitations/implications However, this study is a static analysis based on the current PC development stage, without considering the impact of space-time evolution, which will be explored in future research. Practical implications For organizations, giving full play to the synergy of multiple stakeholders is an effective way to promote PC. As the stakeholders responsible for the diffusion of PCT, organizations are suggested to take corporate social responsibility while chasing profits and form an open and win-win culture. The challenges brought by the industry transformation will be jointly overcome through mobilizing their initiatives and establishing scales and types of technology alliances and demonstration bases. This will significantly support individual organizational growth and contribute to broader industry advancements. Social implications Regarding the government, strengthening policy favor for technology superiority and technology maturity and highlighting effective interactions with leading organizations will nonlinearly improve the coupling coordination level of PCT diffusion. Additionally, policymakers should continually evaluate and adjust policies based on the performance of technology investment, maturity, industry development and market competition. By tracing the underlying causes of policy issues and their impacts on technology investment and industry development, policymakers can make informed adjustments to existing measures. This dynamic approach will help address emerging challenges and optimize policy measures so as to improve the overall effectiveness of PCT promotion. Originality/value This study systematically elucidates the hierarchical coupling and coordination of multidimensional factors from both qualitative and quantitative aspects as well as from macro- and micro-perspectives. Moreover, it clarifies the internal logic of PCT diffusion and provides evidence-based suggestions for policy improvement and practical management.