Geomorphological Features the Basin of Valley ''Wadi'' Tawil Al-Ukla in Najaf Governorate

This study examined the geomorphological features in the Wadi Tawil Al-Akla Basin in Al-Najaf Governorate, which covers an area of 608.74 square kilometers. It explored the natural data of the area, including geological, topographical, and climatic characteristics, as well as soil properties, and their geomorphological role in responding to geomorphological processes such as weathering and erosion in their various forms. The study revealed that according to the application of the rainfall erosion quotient, the area is subject to minimal erosion according to the Thornthwaite equation, with an annual value of 13.71 millimeters, which is considered weak. As for the impact of wind erosion and its extent in the study area, the Schipl equation was applied to extract the climatic susceptibility quotient for wind erosion, which reached 763.01, classifying it as very high. This is attributed to the low precipitation, high temperatures, and wind speed, especially in the summer season. As a result of these geomorphological factors and processes, various geomorphological forms have emerged, some of which are due to the original formation with subsequent modifications, while others resulted from environmental influences such as weathering, erosion, and aeolian deposition, leading to the distribution of several geomorphological features in the study area, including rock outcrops, channels, wind caves, and others.