Evaluation of cutaneous wound healing in mice models using non-mulberry silk fibroin derived from Kunugia latipennis and Vespa affinis

Skin wounds present a persistent clinical concern, often requiring effective yet affordable treatments to ensure proper healing. Silk fibroin (SF), a natural biopolymer recognized for its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical integrity, has gained attention for wound healing applications. While Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BMSF) has been widely studied, there’s limited research on the potential of non-mulberry silk fibroins derived from Vespa affinis and Kunugia latipennis. This study investigates the potential of Vespa affinis silk fibroin (VASF) and Kunugia latipennis silk fibroin (KLSF) films as bioactive wound dressings using a full-thickness excisional wound model in mice. The in vivo results showed that both silk films significantly enhanced wound healing compared to the untreated control. By day 7, early granulation tissue had formed; by day 14, re-epithelialization was initiated; and by day 21, advanced dermal remodeling was evident. Histological analysis confirmed increased vascularization and well-organized epidermal and dermal layers. VASF in particular showed superior outcomes in promoting re-epithelialization and minimizing fibrosis. Both VASF and KLSF were found to be safe, biocompatible, and effective in supporting skin regeneration. Their ability to improve healing rates, enhance epidermal differentiation—including the development of hair follicles and sebaceous glands—highlights their potential as clinical wound dressings.