Low-Cost, Flexible Multi-Fabrication CNC: A Modular Approach for Drilling, Laser Engraving, and Multi-Color Pen Plotting

CNC, also known as Computer Numerical Control machines, are commonly used in both large and small-scale manufacturing businesses due to the automated machine capabilities enabling productive and efficient manufacturing processes with minimal human intervention.However, small manufacturing businesses and startups often face cost and space management challenges when utilizing multiple CNC machines for various tasks such as CNC Milling, Turning, Drilling, and Laser-Engraving etc. Inspired by the simple design of a pen plotting machine, this paper explores the potential for a modular, multifunctional CNC machine that integrates Multi-Color Pen Plotting, Drilling, and Laser-Engraving processes into a single system.By enabling tool interchangeability and frame scalability, our system eliminates the need for separate devices.Unlike similarly priced multi-fabrication machines, which typically lack a milling or drilling option and are limited by the cutting depth of the laser module, our machine includes a drilling module that allows for deeper material penetration, handling metal, wood, or acrylic sheets thicker than 70 mm and a laser module effective for engraving and achieving a cutting depth of 7mm with 1 pass.Our Pen plotter design minimizes wear on the XY gantry by eliminating the need for recalibration between color pen changes due to the unique design of the five-color pen holder.Additionally, if there is no movement in the tool change, only calibration for the Z-axis is required.Therefore, our design is an ideal solution for small businesses seeking efficient and scalable fabrication capabilities.