Design and Simulated mmWave patch antenna of beamforming-assisted RF energy harvesting for dense 5G small-cell networks

This paper presents a novel beamforming-assisted radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system tailored for dense 5G small-cell networks. By leveraging adaptive beamforming and spatial energy focusing, the proposed architecture enhances energy conversion efficiency and extends the operational life of energy-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The design incorporates a multi-antenna transmitter with dynamic beam steering capabilities, aligned with an optimized rectifying antenna (rectenna) module. Simulations are conducted in HFSS and ADS to evaluate radiation performance and RF-to-DC conversion efficiency across various user densities and deployment topologies. The proposed mmwave patch antenna works 28GHz band to support 5G network system which demonstrates up to 75% energy harvesting efficiency under urban blockage and multipath scenarios, making it a robust solution for sustainable 5G networks.